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3 Dieting Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

As a nutritionist who was once fat, I have examined the weight issue from every angle. I have worked with thousands of clients in successfully fighting fat and I am now, myself, tiny and fit, a mere fraction of my once fat self.

A big part of the problem is that dieters do nothing to change their mental state. Your body's set point is created first in your mind. New research in cell biology shows our perceptions activate our genes, health and behavior. You can't get your body to change without getting your mind on board.

The second problem is low-calorie, low-fat diets slow metabolism, block fat-burning and stimulate appetite, making weight loss more difficult on multiple levels.

Here are three common mistakes:

1. Calorie Counting

Counting calories is one of the biggest dieting mistakes. Research shows low-calorie, low-fat diets not only don't work, they can make you fatter. The following are results of studies on calorie-restricted diets, including the very first study conducted by Ancel Keys in 1944 with 32 men following a 1600-calorie low-fat diet:*
  • A slowing in metabolism by at least half
  • Depression
  • Apathy, fatigue, lethargy
  • A net gain in percent body fat
  • Loss of muscle mass
  • A startling increase in appetite and cravings
  • A new obsession with food and cooking
  • Overall weight gain

Sound familiar? The body stores fat when insulin levels rise, which results from eating refined carbohydrates, not from eating too many fat calories. Look at any impoverished nation. Adults living on bread, pasta, and sweets tend to be overweight even though they don't overeat.

2. Weighing In

Pounds lost do not always correlate with inches lost. Some people lose a lot of inches but not many pounds. Muscle weighs more than fat but takes up less space. Isn't the whole idea to become smaller around? To observe less belly flab? To see leaner, smaller hips? Who cares what the scale says if your jeans are less snug? If you are gaining muscle mass (a healthy process that boosts metabolism), your body is likely getting smaller, but you may not see big result on your scale.

Weighing in creates psychological tension. Watching the scale can make it seem to take forever to see results, creating dissatisfaction that prompts a desire for comfort food for relief. If the scale does drop, nothing feels better than a sweet reward. Watching the scale creates a kind of diet-stress mentality that sets up a desire to eat.

3. Starting the Plan

One of the early signposts to failure is when a client identifies the "start" to her plan. Along with "starting" comes "stopping". Ever said, I'll start my diet tomorrow? Or, On Monday? Or, after the holidays?. It is important to be eating the best you can during all of life's interruptions: holidays (doesn't everyone give up on holidays?), a job loss, a new job, transitions, kid stress, relationship stress... because life IS all that, right?

Faulty Food Logs
When I ask clients to send me their food log, 98% of the time they say, "Oh, I can't send it; this week is not typical." So what I am hearing is 98% of the time things aren't normal. If you can learn to nourish your body healthfully in any situation, you will master the art of staying healthy forever.

Always make the best choice you can. It may be a half an ice cream sundae, not a full one. It may be a fast food burger, but with no bun. A snack might be a handful of nuts instead of a brownie. Each day choose the most supportive foods available to you. This includes your birthday, holidays, and stressful days. Life is filled with reasons to be "off your diet." Whether celebrating or stressed, why not eat to feel light and lean rather than fat and lethargic?

Do you want to be slim? Change what you can today. Now. Stop waiting for the right time to start a diet. And throw out your scale and stop counting calories.

*References: The Great Starvation Experiment, by Todd Tucker, 2008, University of Minnesota Press.

About the Author
Linda Prout is the author of Live in the Balance, the Ground-Breaking East-West Nutrition Program. Linda is a recovered overweight binge eater turned healing-gourmet. She speaks to corporations and groups throughout the U.S. You can find her website: www.lindaprout.com
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47 Comments

Cintia EUA

Awesome! I'm a firm believer that the first change needs to happen in the mind. Thanks a lot for this awesome post!

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Ali from The Office Diet

I too agree changing your mental state is the first, and the most crucial, step. If deep down you don't WANT to lose weight enough, you simply won't manage to stick with it.

I had to calorie count to diet successfully (I'm a short, small-framed woman, and I have PCOS which makes it hard to lose weight). I do agree that it's better not to, though, or not for too long at a time ... it can certainly lead to an unhealthy obession with calories, rather than with nutrition.

Ali

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Serban

Low calorie does not necessarily mean low fat...and calories do count...calories in versus calories out is 95 % of the fat loss equation

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James

I agree 100%, I think it's irresponsible to tell people counting calories doesn't help. It's actually the most important thing. If you create a caloric deficit and maintain it for the long run, you are GOING to lose weight. It's a fact.

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soan

Very cleary put! I agree 200% with all.....
Would you mind if I translate this in french and publish it on my site? With a link to your site of course!

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Linda

Soan:
Yes, feel free to run my article on your site - see my comment below - it ended up at the end.

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Quito

I haven't read Todd Tucker's book, it sounds interesting... but, a web site on Ancel Keys contradicts what you cited here:

For five months the volunteers received half the normal number of calories for adult males. Each man was required to keep a diary and to exercise regularly n the treadmill. The diet was designed to duplicate that of the occupied countries of Europe, so that "each volunteer would become the nutritional equivalent of a Pole or a Greek." After a while, the men became irritable and were obsessed with thoughts of food. Simple strength declined only about 10 percent, but endurance on the short, heavy tasks dropped by half. Keys noted that men who were initially most fit showed the greatest deterioration. The average weight loss was 25 percent per man.

Three months after the experiment, none of the men had regained his former weight or physical capacity. Keys learned that effective rehabilitation for an adult male requires that the daily calorie level be above the normal for several months, that the proportion of protein in the diet be increased, and that he take vitamin supplements. This information was sent to various national and international relief agencies at work in Europe. "Starved people cannot be taught democracy. To talk about the will of the people when you aren't feeding them is perfect hogwash."
There's a lot of people who have decreased their percent body fat and increased their muscle mass through counting calories and increasing exercise. I'm one of them.Reply
Linda

Quito:
Kudos to you on your success with calorie counting. You are not in the majority. As for Ancel Keys, his participants were subject to a rehabilitation period in which unlimited feeding was restricted so weight gain was unlikely. However after the restriction was lifted, participants ate until they "weighed 5 percent more than they had when they arrived...." and "had 50 percent more body fat." cites Gary Taubes in Good Calories, Bad Calories.

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Quito

Linda, I think my experiences aren't that unusual. One thing I've tallied in my food diary is calories, which was an excellent way for me to gain insight into portion size. Of course, you mean something different by "calorie counting" than I do, and most of my friends are athletic...

I'll look for Taube's book on Key's research. From what I have found about Key's project, though, I have a hard time relating it to dieting. The stress his subjects were under, for example, was quite different from that felt by people I know who are adjusting what they eat while increasing exercise. I know that per capita calorie consumption was adjusted in 1970 to take wastage into account, and the difference is, roughly, 30%. It's the only way I can rationalize 1,600 calories a day being 50% of the normal calories for an adult male in the 1940s. Plus, at an average weight loss of 25% of their body weight back in an era when the average body fat was lower, I'd guess that they lost a lot of muscle mass. That's an insane amount to lose in five months; were they were going crazy with the treadmills? I'm sure Taube's book will clear this all up for me ^_^.

I appreciate many of the points you make, and imagine you've have many success stories.

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Mike H.

I don't think your experiences are unusual either, Quito - although I don't think counting calories works for everyone. Although tallying everything you put into your mouth can take away from the enjoyment of food, you can give yourself an idea of what you are putting into your body and thus give you an awareness and a feel for how many calories you should be consuming.

I think what other posters and I have observed about this post is the assumptions that;
a) Calorie counting does not work (no qualifier of "some", "many" or "most" people).
b) Studies show conclusively that calorie counting does not work. The research is conflicting here and also requires qualification. In looking at the braod picture, DIETS don't work as 95% of people do not sustain weight loss. When framed this way, calorie counting either doesn't work (as suggested by the high failure rate of diets) or it works better than average weight loss interventions. It's all in the semantics
c) That calorie counting is automatically tied to low calorie which automatically means low fat (as derek cleverly put it).

I've played around with this topic for years now and have come to the conclusion that under certain circumstances, calorie counting has it's place. I don't usually start there but find that clients who overeat are well served by being more aware of what they put into their mouths. The counting bit would be an adjunct intervention to a food log (an honest one as Linda puts it).

And of course, WHAT you put into your mouth - not just the number of calories you consume, is monumentally important.

In any case, I don't want to detract formt the great messages Linda has put forth in her piece. It's always great to hear differing opinions on the topic.

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Quito
In any case, I don't want to detract formt the great messages Linda has put forth in her piece. It's always great to hear differing opinions on the topic.
I agree! This is a great blog, and Linda has a lot to offer! I've been going through her other work - it's definitely worth looking at.Reply
Olga

I'm a big believer that I'll never have the "A-Ha!" moment regarding my issues with my weight - and I'm okay with that. Learning about my own body and health is a lifetime process and the first lessons have been in throwing away the diet books, the Weight Watchers points, and the excuses, because you're right - life is always going to get in the way. It's up to each individual to make the best choices for them. I love reading your blog! :)

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Mike H.

Great message - it really does start in the mind. I agree with Quito, though that calorie counting does work for many. I think the key is to be calorie aware, not obsessed.

Regarding the low fat/low calorie. I think we would have to define the terms - especially low fat. If you eat a lot of fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean protein and get sufficient essential fatty acids - you are still technically eating low fat. If, however you are eating high-sugar low-fat replacement foods and many refined grains, than this is obviously counterproductive.

It's great info and makes for great discussion.

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Elizabeth

I feel like I could have written this myself! All of it is so true. I especially identify with the client claim of "oh - this week was 'special'" It's always going to be something - a business dinner or a birthday or holiday... whatever.

One of the best pieces of advice I recently read was: When eating out at a restaurant, stop thinking about that event as an excuse to let loose. Instead, use it as a chance to continue your healthy eating.

With the increase in frequency that people dine out, if every dining out experience is special and what we know about restaurant portions & calorie counts, it's no wonder that folks have a huge issue controlling their weight.

Great article!

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MizFit

and the starting.

it's all about that.

as long as it's all about TOMORROW youre never gonna get there.

Miz "goals are dreams with timelines" Fit

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MissNutrition

I agree with the fact that you have to change your thinking and that you need to focus on overall nutrition and being healthy regardless, but I have to count calories to lose weight! I have tried many times to lose weight without counting calories, and only now that I am counting am I losing weight. Also, weighing myself is kind of a motivation for me. If I know that I have to step on the scale in the morning and I want to see a smaller number, then I'm more than likely not going to eat that brownie or second bowl of ice cream. I know this may not be best for everyone, but it's definitely what I have to do!

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Heather

Mindset absolutely has to change first!!!

I have to watch Calories-- but severe restriction did not work for me. I increased what I was eating on the recommendation of a nutritionist, and after a small initial gain, I started losing past where I'd ever been before.
I had to get to the right mindset to be able to do that.

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derek

I disagree with your first "mistake" regarding counting calories. In the first two sentences, you claim that one must stop counting calories because this leads to a low-calorie diet. You then proceed to discuss how low-calorie diets don't work, etc. I do not think it is accurate to say that calorie counting leads to a low-calorie diet; counting calories is a way to quantitatively measure how many calories you are ingesting and then adjusting your daily caloric intake accordingly. Whether one uses this information to allocate a high, normal or low-calorie diet is the idea. Thus, I do not think it is a mistake at all or a practice that should be avoided.

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Lemaloon

I totally agree with derek. Calorie counting is just a tool. You can use the tool constructively, to learn more about foods and give yourself a set stopping point to help with motivation.

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Spectra

I agree too that calorie counting can be really useful to help you lose weight, but the key is not to get obsessed with it and start eating 900 calorie-a-day plans or something like that...because that WILL mess with your metabolism like you said. But if you are just using calorie counting to help you stay within a healthy calorie range, I don't see how that would hurt your efforts.

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Vicki

I agree with Derek too. Calorie counting defintely helped me lose weight, and didn't drastically slow down my metabolism either. That's because I didn't eat too low... I ate somewhere between 1200-1600 calories, which is appropriate for a short female like me. I also ate small meals 5 times a day.

Maybe I'm the weird one, but weighing in also helps me. It keeps me motivated. And when I am trying to maintain a weight, it helps keep me in check.

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Tom

These are good points. going along with the third one, a lot of people think that they will reach a point where they can stop dieting. Eating well should be something that continues indefinitely.

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Spectra

"Starting implies stopping": Too true! My mom is a classical yo-yo dieter, meaning that she goes "on" diets when she wants to lose weight and when she's sick of eating healthy foods, she'll go "off" the diet, go back to eating what she was before, and gain all the weight back. That is the only reason that diets don't work; they all theoretically WORK, it's just that most people don't stay on them very long. I followed the WW guidelines to lose weight, but I had the mindset that I couldn't eat like a fat person anymore. I realized that my friends and roommates all ate a LOT healthier than me and that they were consequently thinner than me. My friends that were fat generally ate like I did. So I decided that I couldn't eat junk as much as I used to if I ever wanted to be a thin person.

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Linda

Soan:
I would love to see the article in French, and on your site. Feel free. I am quite fascinated by the traditional French diet and health. I was told by an obesity doctor in Bordeaux recently that the longest lived women in the world are in Toulouse, the capital of foie gras and duck fat, of course. Is this published anywhere that you know?

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shelvia

I agree with what you said about it starting in the mind. But - I believe food logs and calorie counting do help big time, especially when you first started shaping up your mental state.
Having been slightly overweight for a long time, attempted diet thousand of times, I've recently made up my mind and been doing the food logs and calorie counting for the past three weeks. Seeing how the lower calorie intake has impacted the way my jeans fit, makes me realize that I am responsible and I have control over becoming slim. It only encourages me more.
Sure I don't plan to do the calorie count forever, but it is really a very useful tool in the mean time.

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Catherine

I think the bottom line is if your losing weight just to go back to the way you used to eat, you are inevitably going to gain back all the weight you lost! And maybe even a little extra!

But if you genuinely want to be a healthier person then you will start making changes. Writing in a journal is therapy for me...I even write notes to myself like..."eating the chocolate cookie today is not going to help me see a good number on the scale tomorrow", which is also a daily ritual - but my calorie counting is making sure I eat at least 1800 cals a day - I record how much water I drink too, I have to keep track of 72oz of water...maybe I like to write because I don't have any recall skills...lol...

It's all about where your brain is...if you want to be a healthier person, keep thinking like a healthy person, try to make healthier choices, find out which foods are healthy and which aren't.

If you don't want to be healthier, you need to find out why...If it's because you don't want to give up favorite foods...you really don't have to. You just need to learn how to live with them! If it has to do with emotional eating, then seek out someone who can help in that area.

Think it and Believe it!

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Spectra

The whole deprivation mindset is why my mom always fails at keeping weight off for any length of time. She starts out all gung-ho with the healthy eating and gets psyched about the weight loss, but then she starts missing her favorite foods. She's one of those people that HATES being deprived and she tries to find good substitutions for unhealthy foods. Inevitably, she always feels like the "real thing" is best, so she eats like 2 pieces of cake. Then she feels like she's "ruined" her diet and goes back to eating the way she used to and gains the weight back. If people would realize that even if you screw up, you can get back on track, I think a lot more people would stick to their healthy lifestyle longer.

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Michael Jenkins

I really agree that weight loss starts in your mind. The outer world is a reflection of your inner world.

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karissa

nice post but with the low-calorie thing...aren't you arguing with the 'eat less, move more' thing?

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Linda

Karissa:
What I have observed is that different foods, eating strategies and lifestyle factors boost metabolism, and often quite a bit. So, in general, a person eating more dark leafy greens, grass-fed meats and dairy, and fish (which are rich in omega-3's) while cutting back on omega-6 sources, other bad fats, and sugars, are able to eat more calories without gaining weight. Grain choice also impacts tendency to gain weight, wheat being a grain that tends to put on weight. I have clients just cut out wheat, increase their calories from other sources and lose weight. Generally when people just reduce calories, metabolism slows and then calories need to be kept low or reduced further to maintain weight loss.

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Michael

I use calorie counting as a tool. Because I count calories does not mean that I eat a lot of refined carbs. I make sure I eat a balanced diet and that includes some fat. I also work out on a regular basis. I have lost 35 lbs in the last 7 months. This is a lifestyle change for me not a low calorie low fat diet. I eat good healthy foods that will help boost my motabolism.
I do agree that in order to loose weight you have to really decide that you want to do this. So get it set in your head that you are and can do it and you will. I just think that counting calories as well as what all you put in your body is important.

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Mike OD - Fitness Spotlight

Awareness....that the foods you are craving, do nothing to increase your health. I think the mental battle is the biggest factor. Most people feel deprived when you tell them to eat healthy....as we should really be looking at what food does to your body, and only putting in the stuff that has a positive effect...and getting away from the stuff (sugar) that only lessens our state of health and accelerates aging. Sugar accelerates aging and does nothing to improve the state of health of our body. Would you put coke into your car? (ok now replace car with "your body"...and use the same line of thinking as it wasn't designed for that)

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Spectra

That's how I got myself to give up a lot of my old "favorite" junk food...realizing that it was full of trans fat, sugar, HFCS, white flour, and other stuff made me realize that I really didn't need to be eating it. I decided that if I was going to eat foods that were good, they'd better be good FOR me too...so now I eat a lot of "nutrient dense" food and I actually don't miss the junk anymore.

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Will

There is a lot of great information both in the post and in all the comments! All I would add is that I think I know why 98% of people don't want to provide a food log.

Using myself as an example, I would say that I have a very healthy diet and lifestyle. I do not need to count calories because what I eat is generally good for me and the rest seems to take care of itself. The friends of my kids think I am a health food nut. Of course that is just in comparison to what they usually see.

Having said that, I might not want to give you a food log, or if I did, I would might "fudge" on it a bit. Why? Because even someone like myself who thinks about healthy living every single day, is not perfect. Just a few nights ago, after dinner, I had a large piece of white flour and sugar lemon cake. But I don't beat myself up over the fact that not everything I eat is good for me.

I think I am unusual in that I have a high level of food health and safety knowledge but am not bothered by the fact that I don't always eat exactly what I should. But I still might not want to include everything on a food log that I was giving to a nutritionist. We are all human and like to think that our diets are better than they probably are. Putting in it writing would just show us the truth that every week is atypical when compared to how we "think" we eat.

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Nate Lanier

"A big part of the problem is that dieters do nothing to change their mental state."

Thank you for preaching this!!! It is the first thing I always tell clients and it's always the last technique they've tried.

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Kevin Smith

Medifast is great. What I love is they do the shopping for you. My biggest downfall is going to the grocery store. With this plan you go once for your Lean&Green choices and you are done. We used to get Free Shipping, but since they are now in the Star Limelight they have eliminated the free shipping.

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Weight loss

Diets are pure torture and if you think otherwise there is something wrong, so here's the question. Why do people torture themselves just to gain more fat back? Diet is not what you should do to lose the weight it is what you should use to manage your weight. Weight management is the ultimate prize and can only be achieved by changing the bad eating habits that got you into trouble in the 1st place.

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Marcie

You crave what you eat. If you are eating fast food burgers every day for lunch that is likely what your brain will tell you you need to get your protein/carb fix. Change your diet and watch how your cravings change.

And it's often all about the condiments - try piling on mustard, ketchup and pickles & onions on a veggie burger (fry it in coconut oil for the fat you crave) on on a whole-wheat bun and you'll be satisfied.

Great post! Timothy Ferriss also wrote about the Keys study here:

http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2008/02/25/the-science-of-fat-loss-why-a-calorie-isnt-always-a-calorie/

Although fat technically has the most calories per unit, I truly believe the body uses it (esp. in a plant-based form) for vital functions - not as fat storage. The low-fat mantra has been a great cause for things such as depression (to name one) IMO.

One more thing, we are eating animals primarily corn or grain-fed (in order to fatten them up quickly for slaughter) - if fat makes us fat, why are not farmers feeding the animals fat? And in the process, we are missing the grass nutrients from the meat that we evolved on. Another good reason to choose the organic grass-fed variety of dairy & meat :)

~Marcie
http://feedingblackmail.blogspot.com

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Spectra

Marcie--I'll tell you why farmers don't feed cattle/livestock fat to get them fatter. Even though fat WOULD technically make them fat too, if that's what they were fed, the cost of feeding animals a high fat diet vs. a grain-based diet is much higher per pound of weight gain in the animals. Think about it like this: you could gain weight eating a diet of heavy cream and foie gras, or you could gain weight eating Ramen noodles. Which way would be cheaper? See what I mean? I do think that fat provides more of a benefit to our systems than carbohydrate because it can be used to synthesize hormones and helps regulate other important functions. Carbs are pretty much only good for energy, but they can be converted into fat pretty easily by the body. Still, I agree with you that a purely low fat diet won't necessarily make you lose weight; you have to eat a diet that's lower in total calories. What does work for a lot of people is to eat a diet low in SATURATED fat and get most of their daily fat requirement from monounsaturated fats.

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JivaFit Julie

I've always believed that the biggest thing to think about is eating a balanced diet and sensible portions.

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Linda

I think the confusion for people is: What is a "balanced" diet? Do you know? Is it the same for everyone? Also what about people who can't seem to stop at a "sensible portion." Any recommendations?

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Jess

I started a diet awhile back just eating more protein, less carbohydrates, cut all the unnecessary super-processed stuff out of my habits and almost immediately felt better. As time went on I realized that I didn't crave other foods anymore, and given a choice, I wouldn't choose them. I started realizing that I could do this forever, that this doesn't feel like dieting anymore. Am in a good place, thanks for the article!

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Suzy

"Calorie counting doesn't work"? That's called lying. 500 fewer calories a day = 1 lb lost a week.

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Linda

In a bomb calorimeter. NOT in a human body.

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STACEY MCKENZIE

This is a great ebook....check it out!!!

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Susan

I count calories and weigh myself every day...and I have mixed feelings. I admit I am obsessed, but it's the only thing that works. I have gotten too strict before and got very cranky and quit...but I view that as part of the greater learning experience - I have reflected a LOT about my whole weight management journey to figure out what works and I'm constantly working to improve my program. For me, it has STARTED with calorie-counting because calories truly are what count for weightloss. I have worked hard to identify the best calorie range for me. My nutrition tracking website (SparkPeople) also gives me info about nutrients, and I'm always trying to eat healthier too! I think the improved mindset comes gradually as you learn more about the process - many responders have said the change in mindset has to come FIRST, and I disagree. First I had to use calorie counting to figure out what to eat. Now I am learning to trust myself in various scenarios to always make the right choice. It is a process!

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Charles

I think that the mental approach to dieting is really important.

Many people begin a diet program thinking, "In a couple of weeks I can stop doing this".

People go in with the attitude that their healthy choices are only temporary, instead of thinking that they must change the way they eat for the rest of their life.

Reply

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