Eating Disorders: The Numbers

The spotlight on skinny models continues to spark debate and discussion. What exactly is skinny? Is it an issue? Is there really a link between media imagery and eating disorders?

Why bother focusing on thinness when an estimated 66% of Americans are either overweight or obese?

NEDA suggests as many as 10 million females and 1 million males have eating disorders - but their statistics are 10-15 years old.

The current population of the US is estimated at just over 300 million. Of this we can estimate** that slightly over half are female - a total of 153 million.

Recent research*** made the following conclusions

Eating Disorder (ED) prevalence in Females

  • Anorexia nervosa 0.9%
  • Bulimia nervosa 1.5%
  • Binge Eating Disorder 3.5%

Extrapolated to population

  • Anorexia nervosa 1.38 million
  • Bulimia nervosa 2.3 million
  • Binge Eating Disorder 5.36 million

These percentages were made by conducting face to face interviews of 9,282 people (18 and over) during 2001-2003. Diagnosis was made using the DSM-IV*.

Here is where things get blurry. Many many people fall outside of these strict definitions of eating disorders. Many people may engage in purging their food -- without necessarily binging. In this situation they may be classified as having an EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) rather than Bulimia. The above research does not attempt to put anyone in this category. Neither is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (link) included in these statistics.

Some Points to Ponder

  • Anorexia is the only ED that is comorbid with low body weight. We cannot simply look at skinny anorexics and conclude that they are the only people who might be affected by skinny imagery.
  • Those diagnosed with the strict DSM-IV definitions suffer from a mental disorder that is well beyond "trying to look thin". There are many undiagnosed women (and men) who "flirt" with anorexic-like behavior who use such imagery as "thinspiration".
  • The numbers of people who have disordered eating behaviors are much higher than the above statistics - that research only covered ages 18 and upwards. No one has the numbers on EDNOS.
  • The research quoted suggests that the prevalence of Eating Disorders is increasing.

These statistics indicate the bizarre dichotomy of today's culture. If so many people are pursuing skinnyness (presumably influenced by skinny models or actresses) then why are so many people overweight?

Is dieting linked to the pursuit of thinness -- and could it possibly result in people remaining overweight?

I ask you this question: When it comes to external pressure to get thinner - what influences you most? High fashion models -- or the constant stream of statistics coming from the CDC and WHO telling us how bad the obesity epidemic is?


* Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (link).

** 2000 Census: Female Population: 143 million out of Total Population 281 million (source). Females are .508 of the population.

*** Hudson et al (2007), The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Biological Psychiatry Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages 348-358 (link). See also a recent review of literature.

More like this in Body Image and Health

Comments

Claire S.

i don't feel influenced by the skinny models as much. It's more like the articles that tell you there is never an occasion to let go of your strict eating and calorie counting - which is apparently necessary now that there is an obesity epidemic. Or the ones that tell you to measure your stomach to make sure you're not going to get diabetes. All the fitness magazines I read that suggest I weigh myself every day for motivation.
Our country's become obsessed with it. Meanwhile none of it seems to help. We are clearly doing something wrong.

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jay

i find your story so depressing. i would hate for any one to have to go through that im gay and i hate when people judge me for it thats why i am so against people saying nasty things about anorexic people because they dont judge people for whats inside just the outside!

thanks very much yours sincerly jay

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Nic

I agree with Claire. I am trying to recover from an eating disorder and some of the things that I read in fitness magazines really disturb me. I had to stop reading them for a while because they were making me so upset. Now I read them for workout tips and recipes, but I still get sucked in to the weight loss articles. I know I don't need to lose weight, in fact I should gain, but inside I still want to be thinner.

It also bothers me that whenever someone starts talking about eating disorders, other people chime in with statistics about obesity, as if the fact that some people are fat makes eating disorders not really a big problem.
To me, that just screams "Hey, you might be sick and starving yourself, but at least you're not FAT!"
Models don't really affect me. I might see them and say "Hey, I want to be that thin" but most of what affects me is internal. The magazines bother me more though.

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Dr.J

We are an addictive species. We are addicted to a food oriented lazy lifestyle. Because of our evolution, we are very efficient with nutrition. Because, it takes commitment to be fit, most people are not. They are fat. Some people, in their desperation, turn to eating disorders, unhealthy behaviors, drugs, etc to obtain 'thinness'.It is a type of insanity, created from another insanity. The obvious answer is to change our lifestyle paradigm and create a fitness and health oriented world. We keep looking for easier answers. We will not find them. Things will continue to get worse. When our medical systems begin to break down people will not like it. Personally, I think it's too late. But then I am a scientist and as with global warming, people would rather pretend it isn't happening.

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Spectra
Nic said:
Now I read them for workout tips and recipes, but I still get sucked in to the weight loss articles. I know I don't need to lose weight, in fact I should gain, but inside I still want to be thinner.[...]

Nic, I tend to think the same way as you. I don't really have an ED, but I did have some issues with overexercising and my weight did get very low. It's difficult to read articles in just about every magazine telling you that you need to lose weight (and yes, there are people out there that do) even when you don't. I think that is a big part of it. And when you throw in the skinny models out there and the skinny actresses, you begin to look at those articles and think "Wow, I really probably should lose weight" even when you're normal. It doesn't necessarily lead to an ED, but it can make you strive to be SO thin.

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Jan

I don't feel pressure from health scare statistics, and I didn't even when I was obese. I also don't feel pressure from skinny celebrities, I think I just shrug off their bodies the same way I shrug off their $5,000 shoes, as something that is in their reality, not in mine. I have to admit I feel pressure when I buy a magazine or see a tv show featuring an "everyday woman" just like me who got into amazing (Photoshopped) shape by doing some very strict diet with 4 hours of exercise a day or something. It does make me think "If only I needed less sleep" for a second before reminding myself I should not compare.

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snoop

i cant stress enough how prevalent i believe ednos actually is and how much of a range of eating disordered behavior it actually covers. most people who have it probably dont know what it is and that they have it. and those people who know that they have it dont look like they have any eating disorder because the effect of ednos on a person's physical appearance tend not to be of any specific type. not to mention that there are other types of eating disorders that people tend not to consider as being eating disorders such as orthorexia (obsession with eating only healthy food all the time), sleep-eating, etc.

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susan

Anorexia is so much more glamorous than binge-eating disorder. It seems that kinny people are to be pitied -- overweight people are to be disapproved of.

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RedPanda

I guess I have orthorexia - partly due to health/weight concerns and partly because after a eating a healthy diet for so long, "normal" food doesn't appeal. Greasy or fatty food makes me want to throw up, sugary food gives me a nasty "sugar buzz", and processed carbohydrates make me feel bloated.

It shows how distorted our relationship with food has become when the desire to eat a healthy diet has become pathologised into a so-called "disorder".

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Erica

Why do we obsess over the skin and bones models? Because they are unhealthy role models. We allow our daughters inparticular to get sucked into unhealthy lifestles- and those who do not become anorexic or become bulemic and become underweight or maintain normal weight still get suckered into eating disorders that have triggers. Except these are binge eating disorders that kill a metabolism, and create an EDNOS that last a lifetime- and this causes the individual to be overweight. Anorexic models are eating triggers for overweight people just as they are anorexia triggers for anorexics. The disease is just in reverse.

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Jan

Red Panda, I think what separates an orthorexic from a healthy eater is what you'd do when faced with only unhealthy food. If you had to be somewhere for 8 hours, and all the food available was unhealthy, and you hadn't packed any food, what would you do? The healthy eater would pick the "lesser evil", like whatever was not fried and eat that so as not to starve. The orthorexic would just have water because there is no way they'd eat something they didn't know exactly how many calories and ingredients were in it/is not organic/is not whole grain/contains a gram of sugar or whatever the rules he/she has are.

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Dr.J

It's not only their distorted relationship with food but also their mass hysteria that allows them to think it's OK and normal.

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Kendra

I personally would rather be a little underweight then over weight but, that's just me.

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marie

ANOREXIA IS NOT ABOUT BODY WEIGHT!!! it is about control when you feel like you don't have any, it is about feeling something else, besides thoughts that you don't want to think, it is not about weight, in all cases, sure anorexics have a fear of being fat, and don't want to gain, but it is NOT ABOUT WEIGHT it is about whats on the inside and no one else can see, so we try to control it.

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Allie

snoop - i completely agree with you!!!! soo many of my high school friends including myself engaged in eating disordered behavior (and, as far as i know, continue to). not everyone falls into the realms of anorexia/bulimia. lots of girls had problems with binge eating and then starving or running it off - not the same as bulimia but a disorder nonetheless and it does NOT receive enough attention given its overwhelming prevalence (at least in my experience)!!

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marie

ya know there is something called eating disorder not other wise specified, so i bet that is what all ya are.

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marie

Kendra - i would love to be underweight, and defintely not over. Right now i have a bmi of 20. so i am almost under. But am not trying to be.

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danja

im not influences by the models or thin actress we are all exposed to daily, i am more affected by my home life, by my mother "discreetly" finding ways of telling me i'm "fat" by suggesting i buy those low calorie meals for example. also my little brother telling me im fat when we fight can affect you too.
i am in no way over-weight. i acknowlege that. my bmi is probably 22-23 but im on the chubby side.
i think outside "influences" are not as important as the influences from the people that are close to you.

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nessie

hey i just need some advice please :) alot of people have told me i should be a model and i am very interested myself. i just need to know how many calories most models have a day and what kinds of food they eat like how much and how often. im 55 kilo's now and im 5'6. im not one of those girls who are naturally skinny but i dont mind eating less. and is walking enough for exercise? if so how long should i walk for? i also do pilates. well ive just started anywayz. any helpful advice would be much appreciated. my email is nessie-87@hotmail.com thank u very much :)

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Jan

Nessie, most models don't eat regularly, and they smoke, drink, and do drugs. They are not role models.

At 5'6" and 55 kilos you are not fat. Walking is good exercise, Pilates is good exercise. Try to walk for 40m at a time, 5-6x a week. I strongly recommend you try weight training or another form of resistance exercise, it will make you look fitter and trimmer than ever, and you may even weigh more than you weigh right now, but you'll lose centimeters/inches off your body.

For food, try to avoid processed food and eat as much as you want of natural foods like vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy, fish, chicken, grains, seeds, nuts. That is it, simple enough. Not Lean Cuisine frozen diet meal, but piece of chicken with real vegetables and a real potato. It is cheap, your health will be great, and if you have any weight to lose, you'll lose it too.

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Sakurapower
Jan said:
I don't feel pressure from health scare statistics, and I didn't even when I was obese. I also don't feel pressure from skinny celebrities, I think I just shrug off their bodies the same way I shrug off their $5,000 shoes, as something that is in their reality, not in mine. I have to admit I feel pressure when I buy a magazine or see a tv show feat[...]

That would be amazing by women's standards, most men still pine for curvy girls.

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Lisa

It feels like everywhere you look the world is telling you you're too fat. i go to school and the number of gym classes per day is increased, to keep us active, the teachers tell us we should be excersisng during the commercials of tv, since we must spend all our time watching tv. Athletes come to the school and tell us that we need to excersise for at least an hour per day.
How can we do all this excersise, I tried it, I excersised all day, I hardly had time to sleep, I stopped eating and I lost weigt, and I was happy, but then I couldn't lose more weight and I still looked fat, and in health they always say be happy with who you are, but how is anyone supposed to be happy with who they are, if the same people are telling them they're not good enough. I excersise for an hour or soo everyday, i hardly ever eat junk food, but it isn't good enough.

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natasha

i have an eating disorder myself; and with what someone said about anorexia and it not being about not wanting to gain weight, TOTALLY wrong . with me i used to be really overweight, and it was about being too fat that caused me to develope anorexia. sure, im not proud of it , but its better than being fat i think . i dont kno , thats just me . im 5"8 89 lbs and i see nothing wrong with it .

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~*~BUNNY~*~

I believe that everyone should be happy with who they are. Being over weight is not healthy and being underweight is not healthy. I know that for some people you cant help but be oveerweight because that is how you body type is. I use to be underweight. But you shouldnt try and get under weight. If you are happy with who you are then you do you. Dont change to try and please someone else. Because if they are not happy with you as you are they will never be happy with you any different. especially if they see you are willing to change how you are to please you. So as a word of advise to everyone out there, dont worry be happy. Ignore those who try to discourage you or put you down in any way, shape, or form!

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~*~BUNNY~*~

Oh, and bye the way I'm 15, 5'5 and weigh 110 pounds. my younger sister is as tall as me and weighs the same amount. but do we trip over it? no! we are happy with who we are. my other younger sister weighs more then me. and she's happy with who she is. so dont trip or fuss over your weight. as long as u feel healthy and are happy with who you are then do ya thing!!!

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CEDquiz

In the original post, it discusses how strict definitions of eating disorders don't address the grey areas when determining whether or not someone is suffering from an eating disorder. If you think you or someone you know might be suffering from an eating disorder, take this quiz developed by the Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt(www.eatingdisorder.org/about_eating_disorders/resources/quiz.php) to help identify if you or someone you know may need help dealing with an eating disorder. It's a good way to determine what behaviors could mean an individual is predisposed to developing an eating disorder.

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