Eating Disorders: The Numbers
The spotlight on skinny models continues to spark debate and discussion. What exactly is skinny? Is it an issue? Is there really a link between media imagery and eating disorders?
Why bother focusing on thinness when an estimated 66% of Americans are either overweight or obese?
NEDA suggests as many as 10 million females and 1 million males have eating disorders - but their statistics are 10-15 years old.
The current population of the US is estimated at just over 300 million. Of this we can estimate** that slightly over half are female - a total of 153 million.
Recent research*** made the following conclusions
Eating Disorder (ED) prevalence in Females
- Anorexia nervosa 0.9%
- Bulimia nervosa 1.5%
- Binge Eating Disorder 3.5%
Extrapolated to population
- Anorexia nervosa 1.38 million
- Bulimia nervosa 2.3 million
- Binge Eating Disorder 5.36 million
These percentages were made by conducting face to face interviews of 9,282 people (18 and over) during 2001-2003. Diagnosis was made using the DSM-IV*.
Here is where things get blurry. Many many people fall outside of these strict definitions of eating disorders. Many people may engage in purging their food -- without necessarily binging. In this situation they may be classified as having an EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) rather than Bulimia. The above research does not attempt to put anyone in this category. Neither is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (link) included in these statistics.
Some Points to Ponder
- Anorexia is the only ED that is comorbid with low body weight. We cannot simply look at skinny anorexics and conclude that they are the only people who might be affected by skinny imagery.
- Those diagnosed with the strict DSM-IV definitions suffer from a mental disorder that is well beyond "trying to look thin". There are many undiagnosed women (and men) who "flirt" with anorexic-like behavior who use such imagery as "thinspiration".
- The numbers of people who have disordered eating behaviors are much higher than the above statistics - that research only covered ages 18 and upwards. No one has the numbers on EDNOS. The number of adolescent residential treatment facilities has greatly increased over the last decade.
- The research quoted suggests that the prevalence of Eating Disorders is increasing.
These statistics indicate the bizarre dichotomy of today's culture. If so many people are pursuing skinnyness (presumably influenced by skinny models or actresses) then why are so many people overweight?
Is dieting linked to the pursuit of thinness -- and could it possibly result in people remaining overweight?
I ask you this question: When it comes to external pressure to get thinner - what influences you most? High fashion models -- or the constant stream of statistics coming from the CDC and WHO telling us how bad the obesity epidemic is?
** 2000 Census: Female Population: 143 million out of Total Population 281 million (source). Females are .508 of the population.
*** Hudson et al (2007), The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Biological Psychiatry Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages 348-358 (link). See also a recent review of literature.
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34 Comments
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Created / Updated: October 27, 2011
i don't feel influenced by the skinny models as much. It's more like the articles that tell you there is never an occasion to let go of your strict eating and calorie counting - which is apparently necessary now that there is an obesity epidemic. Or the ones that tell you to measure your stomach to make sure you're not going to get diabetes. All the fitness magazines I read that suggest I weigh myself every day for motivation.
ReplyOur country's become obsessed with it. Meanwhile none of it seems to help. We are clearly doing something wrong.
i find your story so depressing. i would hate for any one to have to go through that im gay and i hate when people judge me for it thats why i am so against people saying nasty things about anorexic people because they dont judge people for whats inside just the outside!
thanks very much yours sincerly jay
ReplyI do not understand how you relate suffering from an ED to sexual orientation. A persons' sexual orientation is NOT harmful to their health, and I am pretty sure people don't "become gay" in an effort to resemble what they see on TV or in advertising. Their isn't a building social pressure on people to be gay.
ReplyI absolutley believe that ED's stem from a mental defect, and those suffering from an ED are absolutly doing damage to their bodies. I also believe it is a choice they make. You being gay is NOT a mental defect, nor is it harmful to you, nor is it a choice you make. You are who you are and you should be comfortable in your own skin
I agree with Claire. I am trying to recover from an eating disorder and some of the things that I read in fitness magazines really disturb me. I had to stop reading them for a while because they were making me so upset. Now I read them for workout tips and recipes, but I still get sucked in to the weight loss articles. I know I don't need to lose weight, in fact I should gain, but inside I still want to be thinner.
It also bothers me that whenever someone starts talking about eating disorders, other people chime in with statistics about obesity, as if the fact that some people are fat makes eating disorders not really a big problem.
ReplyTo me, that just screams "Hey, you might be sick and starving yourself, but at least you're not FAT!"
Models don't really affect me. I might see them and say "Hey, I want to be that thin" but most of what affects me is internal. The magazines bother me more though.
We are an addictive species. We are addicted to a food oriented lazy lifestyle. Because of our evolution, we are very efficient with nutrition. Because, it takes commitment to be fit, most people are not. They are fat. Some people, in their desperation, turn to eating disorders, unhealthy behaviors, drugs, etc to obtain 'thinness'.It is a type of insanity, created from another insanity. The obvious answer is to change our lifestyle paradigm and create a fitness and health oriented world. We keep looking for easier answers. We will not find them. Things will continue to get worse. When our medical systems begin to break down people will not like it. Personally, I think it's too late. But then I am a scientist and as with global warming, people would rather pretend it isn't happening.
ReplyNic, I tend to think the same way as you. I don't really have an ED, but I did have some issues with overexercising and my weight did get very low. It's difficult to read articles in just about every magazine telling you that you need to lose weight (and yes, there are people out there that do) even when you don't. I think that is a big part of it. And when you throw in the skinny models out there and the skinny actresses, you begin to look at those articles and think "Wow, I really probably should lose weight" even when you're normal. It doesn't necessarily lead to an ED, but it can make you strive to be SO thin.
ReplyI don't feel pressure from health scare statistics, and I didn't even when I was obese. I also don't feel pressure from skinny celebrities, I think I just shrug off their bodies the same way I shrug off their $5,000 shoes, as something that is in their reality, not in mine. I have to admit I feel pressure when I buy a magazine or see a tv show featuring an "everyday woman" just like me who got into amazing (Photoshopped) shape by doing some very strict diet with 4 hours of exercise a day or something. It does make me think "If only I needed less sleep" for a second before reminding myself I should not compare.
Replyi cant stress enough how prevalent i believe ednos actually is and how much of a range of eating disordered behavior it actually covers. most people who have it probably dont know what it is and that they have it. and those people who know that they have it dont look like they have any eating disorder because the effect of ednos on a person's physical appearance tend not to be of any specific type. not to mention that there are other types of eating disorders that people tend not to consider as being eating disorders such as orthorexia (obsession with eating only healthy food all the time), sleep-eating, etc.
ReplyAnorexia is so much more glamorous than binge-eating disorder. It seems that kinny people are to be pitied -- overweight people are to be disapproved of.
ReplyI guess I have orthorexia - partly due to health/weight concerns and partly because after a eating a healthy diet for so long, "normal" food doesn't appeal. Greasy or fatty food makes me want to throw up, sugary food gives me a nasty "sugar buzz", and processed carbohydrates make me feel bloated.
It shows how distorted our relationship with food has become when the desire to eat a healthy diet has become pathologised into a so-called "disorder".
ReplyWhy do we obsess over the skin and bones models? Because they are unhealthy role models. We allow our daughters inparticular to get sucked into unhealthy lifestles- and those who do not become anorexic or become bulemic and become underweight or maintain normal weight still get suckered into eating disorders that have triggers. Except these are binge eating disorders that kill a metabolism, and create an EDNOS that last a lifetime- and this causes the individual to be overweight. Anorexic models are eating triggers for overweight people just as they are anorexia triggers for anorexics. The disease is just in reverse.
ReplyRed Panda, I think what separates an orthorexic from a healthy eater is what you'd do when faced with only unhealthy food. If you had to be somewhere for 8 hours, and all the food available was unhealthy, and you hadn't packed any food, what would you do? The healthy eater would pick the "lesser evil", like whatever was not fried and eat that so as not to starve. The orthorexic would just have water because there is no way they'd eat something they didn't know exactly how many calories and ingredients were in it/is not organic/is not whole grain/contains a gram of sugar or whatever the rules he/she has are.
ReplyIt's not only their distorted relationship with food but also their mass hysteria that allows them to think it's OK and normal.
ReplyI personally would rather be a little underweight then over weight but, that's just me.
ReplyANOREXIA IS NOT ABOUT BODY WEIGHT!!! it is about control when you feel like you don't have any, it is about feeling something else, besides thoughts that you don't want to think, it is not about weight, in all cases, sure anorexics have a fear of being fat, and don't want to gain, but it is NOT ABOUT WEIGHT it is about whats on the inside and no one else can see, so we try to control it.
Replysnoop - i completely agree with you!!!! soo many of my high school friends including myself engaged in eating disordered behavior (and, as far as i know, continue to). not everyone falls into the realms of anorexia/bulimia. lots of girls had problems with binge eating and then starving or running it off - not the same as bulimia but a disorder nonetheless and it does NOT receive enough attention given its overwhelming prevalence (at least in my experience)!!
Replyya know there is something called eating disorder not other wise specified, so i bet that is what all ya are.
Reply